Introduction to Statistical Analysis Using SPSS
Introduction to Statistical Analysis Using SPSS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
COURSE GOALS AND METHODS
BASIC STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS
POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES
RESEARCH DESIGN
INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT AND STATISTICAL METHODS
CHAPTER 2: DATA CHECKING
INTRODUCTION
VIEWING A FEW CASES
MINIMUM, MAXIMUM, AND NUMBER OF VALID CASES
DATA VALIDATION: DATA PREPARATION ADDON MODULE
DATA VALIDATION RULES
WHEN DATA ERRORS ARE DISCOVERED
CHAPTER 3: DESCRIBING CATEGORICAL DATA
WHY SUMMARIES OF SINGLE VARIABLES?
FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
STANDARDIZING THE CHART AXIS
PIE CHARTS
CHAPTER 4: EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS: SCALE DATA
SUMMARIZING SCALE VARIABLES
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY AND DISPERSION
NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS
HISTOGRAMS AND NORMAL CURVES
USING THE EXPLORE PROCEDURE: EDA
STANDARD ERROR OF THE MEAN AND CONFIDENCE INTERVALS
SHAPE OF THE DISTRIBUTION
BOXPLOTS
APPENDIX: STANDARDIZED (Z) SCORES
CHAPTER 5: PROBABILITY AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
THE NATURE OF PROBABILITY
MAKING INFERENCES ABOUT POPULATIONS FROM SAMPLES
INFLUENCE OF SAMPLE SIZE
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
TYPES OF STATISTICAL ERRORS
STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE
CHAPTER 6: COMPARING CATEGORICAL VARIABLES
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
CROSSTABULATION TABLES
TESTING THE RELATIONSHIP: CHISQUARE TEST
REQUESTING THE CHISQUARE TEST
INTERPRETING THE OUTPUT
ADDITIONAL TWOWAY TABLES
GRAPHING THE CROSSTABS RESULTS
ADDING CONTROL VARIABLES
EXTENSIONS: BEYOND CROSSTABS
APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION MEASURES
CHAPTER 7: MEAN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GROUPS: T TEST
INTRODUCTION
LOGIC OF TESTING FOR MEAN DIFFERENCES
EXPLORING THE GROUP DIFFERENCES
TESTING THE DIFFERENCES: INDEPENDENT SAMPLES T TEST
INTERPRETING THE T-TEST RESULTS
GRAPHING MEAN DIFFERENCES
APPENDIX: PAIRED T TEST2
APPENDIX: NORMAL PROBABILITY PLOTS
CHAPTER 8: BIVARIATE PLOTS AND CORRELATIONS: SCALE VARIABLES
INTRODUCTION
READING THE DATA
EXPLORING THE DATA
SCATTERPLOTS
CORRELATIONS
CHAPTER 9: INTRODUCTION TO REGRESSION
INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS
THE REGRESSION EQUATION AND FIT MEASURE
RESIDUALS AND OUTLIERS
ASSUMPTIONS
SIMPLE REGRESSION
